Colombo Dott.ssa Claudia
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Efficacy of percutaneous stellate ganglion block according to ventricular arrhythmia cycle length: a post-hoc sub-analysis of the STAR study.
Heart Rhythm2024 Nov;():. doi: S1547-5271(24)03568-9.
Baldi Enrico, Rordorf Roberto, Compagnoni Sara, Dusi Veronica, Sanzo Antonio, Gentile Francesca Romana, Frea Simone, Gravinese Carol, Cauti Filippo Maria, Iannopollo Gianmarco, De Sensi Francesco, Gandolfi Edoardo, Frigerio Laura, Crea Pasquale, Zagari Domenico, Casula Matteo, Sangiorgi Giuseppe, Persampieri Simone, Dell'Era Gabriele, Patti Giuseppe, Colombo Claudia, Mugnai Giacomo, Notaristefano Francesco, Barengo Alberto, Falcetti Roberta, Girardengo Giulia, D'Angelo Giuseppe, Tanese Nikita, Currao Alessia, Sgromo Vito, De Ferrari Gaetano Maria, Savastano Simone,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Data on the predictors of percutaneous stellate ganglion block (PSGB) efficacy in electrical storm (ES) are scanty.
OBJECTIVE:
To assess whether the PSGB efficacy is influenced by the arrhythmia type and cycle length prior to the procedure.
METHODS:
A sub-analysis of the multicenter STAR study. The population was stratified into 3 groups according to the median cycle length of the latest ventricular arrhythmia before PSGB: ventricular fibrillation (VF), fast-VT and slow-VT. The primary outcome was the number of treated arrhythmic episodes (with ATPs and/or DC-shocks) in the hour immediately after PSGB compared to the hour before.
RESULTS:
We considered 139 PSGBs from 112 patients divided in 51 VF, 44 fast-VT (VT cycle
CONCLUSION:
PSGB is an effective treatment for ES in patients with all type of ventricular arrhythmias. However, its effectiveness was more pronounced in patients with VF.
Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Efficacy of early use of Percutaneous Stellate Ganglion Block for electrical storms.
Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care2024 Sep;():. doi: zuae109.
Baldi Enrico, Dusi Veronica, Rordorf Roberto, Currao Alessia, Compagnoni Sara, Sanzo Antonio, Gentile Francesca Romana, Frea Simone, Gravinese Carol, Angelini Filippo, Cauti Filippo Maria, Iannopollo Gianmarco, De Sensi Francesco, Gandolfi Edoardo, Frigerio Laura, Crea Pasquale, Zagari Domenico, Casula Matteo, Binaghi Giulio, Sangiorgi Giuseppe, Barone Lucy, Persampieri Simone, Dell'Era Gabriele, Patti Giuseppe, Colombo Claudia, Mugnai Giacomo, Tavella Domenico, Notaristefano Francesco, Barengo Alberto, Falcetti Roberta, Girardengo Giulia, D'Angelo Giuseppe, Tanese Nikita, Sgromo Vito, De Ferrari Gaetano Maria, Savastano Simone,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Electrical Storm (ES) is a life-threatening condition requiring a rapid management. Percutaneous Stellate Ganglion Block (PSGB) proved to be safe and effective on top of standard therapy, but no data are available about its early use.
METHODS:
We considered all patients enrolled from 1st July 2017 to 30th April 2024 in the STAR registry (STellate ganglion block for Arrhythmic stoRm), a multicentre, international, observational, prospective registry. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the first PSGB only. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they received PSGB before (Early-PSGB, often due to AAD contraindication) or after (Delayed-PSGB) intravenous antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs other than beta-blockers).
RESULTS:
We considered 180 PSGB (26 Early-PSGB and 154 AAD-first). In the early-PSGB group we observed a statistically significant reduction of treated arrhythmic events in the hour after PSGB compared to the hour before: 0 (0-0) vs 4.5 (1-10), p
CONCLUSIONS:
PSGB proved to be effective also when used early in the treatment of ES. Due to its rapidity of action, our results may suggest its early use to reduce the number of defibrillations and possibly to reduce the likelihood of a refractory ES.
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site?for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Electrical storm treatment by percutaneous stellate ganglion block: the STAR study.
Eur Heart J2024 Mar;45(10):823-833. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae021.
Savastano Simone, Baldi Enrico, Compagnoni Sara, Rordorf Roberto, Sanzo Antonio, Gentile Francesca Romana, Dusi Veronica, Frea Simone, Gravinese Carol, Cauti Filippo Maria, Iannopollo Gianmarco, De Sensi Francesco, Gandolfi Edoardo, Frigerio Laura, Crea Pasquale, Zagari Domenico, Casula Matteo, Sangiorgi Giuseppe, Persampieri Simone, Dell'Era Gabriele, Patti Giuseppe, Colombo Claudia, Mugnai Giacomo, Notaristefano Francesco, Barengo Alberto, Falcetti Roberta, Perego Giovanni Battista, D'Angelo Giuseppe, Tanese Nikita, Currao Alessia, Sgromo Vito, De Ferrari Gaetano Maria,
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
An electrical storm (ES) is a clinical emergency with a paucity of established treatment options. Despite initial encouraging reports about the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous stellate ganglion block (PSGB), many questions remained unsettled and evidence from a prospective multicentre study was still lacking. For these purposes, the STAR study was designed.
METHODS:
This is a multicentre observational study enrolling patients suffering from an ES refractory to standard treatment from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2023. The primary outcome was the reduction of treated arrhythmic events by at least 50% comparing the 12?h following PSGB with the 12?h before the procedure. STAR operators were specifically trained to both the anterior anatomical and the lateral ultrasound-guided approach.
RESULTS:
A total of 131 patients from 19 centres were enrolled and underwent 184 PSGBs. Patients were mainly male (83.2%) with a median age of 68 (63.8-69.2) years and a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (25.0 ± 12.3%). The primary outcome was reached in 92% of patients, and the median reduction of arrhythmic episodes between 12?h before and after PSGB was 100% (interquartile range -100% to -92.3%). Arrhythmic episodes requiring treatment were significantly reduced comparing 12?h before the first PSGB with 12?h after the last procedure [six (3-15.8) vs. 0 (0-1), P
CONCLUSIONS:
The findings of this large, prospective, multicentre study provide evidence in favour of the effectiveness and safety of PSGB for the treatment of refractory ES.
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
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Ultrasound-Assisted, Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute Intermediate/High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: Design of the Multicenter USAT IH-PE Registry and Preliminary Results.
J Clin Med2024 Jan;13(2):. doi: 619.
Colombo Claudia, Capsoni Nicolò, Russo Filippo, Iannaccone Mario, Adamo Marianna, Viola Giovanna, Bossi Ilaria Emanuela, Villanova Luca, Tognola Chiara, Curci Camilla, Morelli Francesco, Guerrieri Rossella, Occhi Lucia, Chizzola Giuliano, Rampoldi Antonio, Musca Francesco, De Nittis Giuseppe, Galli Mario, Boccuzzi Giacomo, Savio Daniele, Bernasconi Davide, D'Angelo Luciana, Garascia Andrea, Chieffo Alaide, Montorfano Matteo, Oliva Fabrizio, Sacco Alice
Abstract
Catheter-based revascularization procedures were developed as an alternative to systemic thrombolysis for patients with intermediate-high- and high-risk pulmonary embolisms. USAT IH-PE is a retrospective and prospective multicenter registry of such patients treated with ultrasound-facilitated, catheter-directed thrombolysis, whose preliminary results are presented in this study. The primary endpoint was the incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) at follow-up. Secondary endpoints were short- and mid-term changes in the echocardiographic parameters of right ventricle (RV) function, in-hospital and all-cause mortality, and procedure-related bleeding events. Between March 2018 and July 2023, 102 patients were included. The majority were at intermediate-high-risk PE (86%), were mostly female (57%), and had a mean age of 63.7 ± 14.5 years, and 28.4% had active cancer. Echocardiographic follow-up was available for 70 patients, and in only one, the diagnosis of PH was confirmed by right heart catheterization, resulting in an incidence of 1.43% (CI 95%, 0.036-7.7). RV echocardiographic parameters improved both at 24 h and at follow-up. In-hospital mortality was 3.9% (CI 95%, 1.08-9.74), while all-cause mortality was 11% (CI 95%, 5.4-19.2). Only 12% had bleeding complications, of whom 4.9% were BARC ? 3. Preliminary results from the USAT IH-PE registry showed a low incidence of PH, improvement in RV function, and a safe profile.
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Hospital-Acquired Anemia in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Epidemiology and Potential Impact on Long-Term Outcome.
Am J Med2023 Dec;136(12):1203-1210.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.08.012.
Colombo Claudia, Rebora Paola, Montalto Claudio, Cantoni Silvia, Sacco Alice, Mauri Marco, Andreano Anita, Russo Antonio Giampiero, De Servi Stefano, Savonitto Stefano, Morici Nuccia
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Anemia (either pre-existing or hospital-acquired) is considered an independent predictor of mortality in acute coronary syndromes. However, it is still not clear whether anemia should be considered as a marker of worse health status or a therapeutic target. We sought to investigate the relationship between hospital-acquired anemia and clinical and laboratory findings and to assess the association with mortality and major cardiovascular events at long-term follow-up.
METHODS:
Patients consecutively admitted at Niguarda Hospital between February 2014 and November 2020 for an acute coronary syndrome were included in this cohort analysis and classified as anemic at admission (group A), with normal hemoglobin at admission but developing anemia during hospitalization (hospital-acquired anemia) (group B); and with normal hemoglobin levels throughout admission (group C).
RESULTS:
Among 1294 patients included, group A included 353 (27%) patients, group B 468 (36%), and group C 473 patients (37%). In terms of cardiovascular burden and incidence of death, major cardiovascular events and bleeding at 4.9-year median follow-up, group B had an intermediate risk profile as compared with A and C. Baseline anemia was an independent predictor of death (hazard ratio 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.25; P = .04) along with frailty, Charlson comorbidity Index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, previous myocardial infarction, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Conversely, hospital-acquired anemia was not associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-1.75; P = .4).
CONCLUSIONS:
Hospital-acquired anemia affects one-third of patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome and is associated with age, frailty, and comorbidity burden, but was not found to be an independent predictor of long-term mortality.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Effect of a quality-improvement intervention on end-of-life care in cardiac intensive care unit.
Eur J Clin Invest2023 Jul;53(7):e13982. doi: 10.1111/eci.13982.
Sacco Alice, Tavecchia Giovanni, Ditali Valentina, Garatti Laura, Villanova Luca, Colombo Claudia, Viola Giovanna, Scavelli Francesca, Varrenti Marisa, Milani Martina, Morici Nuccia, Tavazzi Guido, Lissoni Barbara, Forni Lorena, Gorni Giovanna, Saporetti Giorgia, Oliva Fabrizio
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Left Ventricular Unloading in Acute on Chronic Heart Failure: From Statements to Clinical Practice.
J Pers Med2022 Sep;12(9):. doi: 1463.
Sacco Alice, Morici Nuccia, Oreglia Jacopo Andrea, Tavazzi Guido, Villanova Luca, Colombo Claudia, Garatti Laura, Mondino Michele Giovanni, Nava Stefano, Pappalardo Federico
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock remains a deadly complication of acute on chronic decompensated heart failure (ADHF-CS). Despite its increasing prevalence, it is incompletely understood and therefore often misdiagnosed in the early phase. Precise diagnosis of the underlying cause of CS is fundamental for undertaking the correct therapeutic strategy. Temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) is the mainstay of management: identifying and selecting optimal patients through understanding of the hemodynamics and a prompt profiling and timing, is key for success. A recent statement from the American Heart Association provided pragmatic suggestions on tMCS device selection, escalation, and weaning strategies. However, several areas of uncertainty still remain in clinical practice. Accordingly, we present an overview of the main pitfalls that can occur during patients' management with tMCS through a clinical case. This case illustrates the strict interdependency between left ventricular unloading and right ventricular dysfunction in the case of low filling pressures. Moreover, it further illustrates the pivotal role of stepwise escalation of therapy in a patient with an ADHF-CS and its peculiarities as compared to other forms of acute heart failure.
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The impact of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair on right ventricle-pulmonary artery coupling in patients with functional mitral regurgitation.
Eur J Clin Invest2023 Jan;53(1):e13869. doi: e13869.
Tua Lorenzo, Mandurino-Mirizzi Alessandro, Colombo Claudia, Morici Nuccia, Magrini Giulia, Nava Stefano, Frassica Romina, Montalto Claudio, Ferlini Marco, Sacco Alice, Musca Francesco, Moreo Antonella, Ghio Stefano, Oreglia Jacopo, Oltrona-Visconti Luigi, Oliva Fabrizio, Crimi Gabriele
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Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review of the Literature and a Case Series.
J Clin Med2022 Mar;11(5):. doi: 1395.
Scavelli Francesca, Cartella Iside, Montalto Claudio, Oreglia Jacopo Andrea, Villanova Luca, Garatti Laura, Colombo Claudia, Sacco Alice, Morici Nuccia
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is still associated with high mortality and severe complications, despite major treatment advances in this field. Ischemic heart disease is a common cause of OHCA, and current guidelines clearly recommend performing immediate coronary angiography (CAG) in patients whose post-resuscitation electrocardiogram shows ST-segment elevation (STE). Contrarily, the optimal approach and the advantage of early revascularization in cases of no STE is less clear, and decisions are often based on the individual experience of the center. Numerous studies have been conducted on this topic and have provided contradictory evidence; however, more recently, results from several randomized clinical trials have suggested that performing early CAG has no impact on overall survival in patients without STE.
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Rare Causes of Acute Coronary Syndrome: The JAK2 V617F Mutation-Positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Cardio-Hematological Perspective.
Thromb Haemost2022 Aug;122(8):1429-1431. doi: 10.1055/a-1742-0361.
Cantoni Silvia, Colombo Claudia, Soriano Francesco, Oreglia Jacopo Andrea, Sacco Alice, Veronese Silvio, Brunelli Dario, Rubboli Andrea, Morici Nuccia
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Effect of landiolol in patients with tachyarrhythmias and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF): a case series.
ESC Heart Fail2022 Feb;9(1):766-770. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13763.
Ditali Valentina, Garatti Laura, Morici Nuccia, Villanova Luca, Colombo Claudia, Oliva Fabrizio, Sacco Alice
Abstract
Tachycardia and rapid tachyarrhythmias are common in acute clinical settings and may hasten the deterioration of haemodynamics in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), treated with inotropes. The concomitant use of a short-acting ?1-selective beta-blocker, such as landiolol, could rapidly and safely restore an adequate heart rate without any negative inotropic effect. We present a case series of five patients with left ventricular dysfunction, admitted to our Intensive Cardiac Care Unit with ADHF deteriorated to cardiogenic shock, treated with a combination of landiolol and inotropes. Landiolol was effective in terms of rate control and haemodynamics optimization, enabling de-escalation of catecholamine dosing in all patients. The infusion was always well tolerated without hypotension. In conclusion, a continuous infusion of a low dose of landiolol (3-16 mcg/kg/min) to manage tachycardia and ventricular or supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in haemodynamically unstable patients may be considered.
© 2021 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.
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Cardiovascular injuries and SARS-COV-2 infection: focus on elderly people.
J Geriatr Cardiol2021 Jul;18(7):534-548. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.07.001.
Colombo Claudia, Garatti Laura, Ferrante Giulia, Casadei Francesca, Montalto Claudio, Crimi Gabriele, Cogliati Chiara, Ammirati Enrico, Savonitto Stefano, Morici Nuccia
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has hit the healthcare system worldwide. The risk of severe infection and mortality increases with advancing age, especially in subjects with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cancer. Moreover, cardiovascular complications such as myocardial injury, heart failure and thromboembolism are frequently observed in COVID-19 cases, and several biomarkers (troponin, NTproBNP and D-Dimer) have been identified as prognostic indicators of disease severity and worst outcome. Currently, there is no specific therapy against SARS-CoV-2, although many medications are under investigation. The aim of this review will be to explore the intertwined relationship between COVID-19 disease and the cardiovascular system, focusing on elderly population. The available supportive treatments along with the related concerns in elderly patients, due to their comorbidities and polypharmacotherapy, will be explored.
Copyright and License information: Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021.
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Inflammation and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.
Int J Mol Sci2019 Nov;20(22):. doi: 5563.
Zanatta Elisabetta, Colombo Claudia, D'Amico Gianpiero, d'Humières Thomas, Dal Lin Carlo, Tona Francesco
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) form a heterogeneous group of disorders that include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), and systemic vasculitis. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is quite common in patients with ARDs and is linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both accelerated atherosclerosis and CMD in ARDs, especially in patients affected by SLE and RA. In this regard, some studies have highlighted the efficacy of immunosuppressants and/or biologics in restoring CMD in these patients. By contrast, the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of CMD-SSc appears to be much less relevant compared to endothelial dysfunction and microvascular ischemia, with calcium-channel blockers providing some benefits. Few studies have endeavored to assess the occurrence of CMD in IIMs and systemic vasculitis, thus warranting further investigations. The present review summarizes the current evidence on the occurrence of CMD in ARDs, focusing on the role of inflammation and possible therapeutic approaches.
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Meta-Analysis of the Optimal Percutaneous Revascularization Strategy in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction, Cardiogenic Shock, and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease.
Am J Cardiol2017 May;119(10):1525-1531. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.02.028.
Tarantini Giuseppe, D'Amico Gianpiero, Tellaroli Paola, Colombo Claudia, Brener Sorin J
Abstract
The optimal percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) revascularization strategy in patients with multivessel (MV) coronary artery disease (CAD) who present with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) has not been systematically addressed. Accordingly, we performed a study-level meta-analysis comparing 2 PCI strategies in these patients-infarct-related artery (IRA) only versus MV revascularization. Studies including patients with AMI and MV CAD complicated with CS who received primary PCI were searched from 2000 to 2016. The primary end points were in-hospital/30-day and mid- to long-term (?6 month) mortality. Fixed and random effects models were used for analysis. Ten studies (9 prospective and 1 retrospective) involving 6,068 patients met our inclusion criteria. IRA-only PCI was the most frequently used revascularization strategy (4,872 patients, 80%), while MV PCI was performed in 1,196 patients (20%). The MV PCI strategy was associated with higher short-term mortality compared with the IRA-only PCI strategy (odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.71, p = 0.008). There was no difference in mid- to long-term mortality between MV PCI and IRA-only strategies (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.58, p = 0.94). In conclusion, in patients with AMI and MV CAD complicated by CS, the IRA-only PCI strategy seems to be associated with lower short-term, but not mid- to long-term mortality compared with MV PCI. This finding is different from the revascularization strategy recommended by current professional guidelines and suggests the need for dedicated randomized clinical trials.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Cloning and functional expression of intracellular loop variants of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) RDL GABA receptor.
Neurotoxicology2017 May;60():207-213. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.007.
Taylor-Wells Jennina, Hawkins Joseph, Colombo Claudia, Bermudez Isabel, Jones Andrew K
Abstract
The insect GABA receptor, RDL (resistance to dieldrin), plays central roles in neuronal signalling and is the target of several classes of insecticides. To study the GABA receptor from an important pollinator species, we cloned Rdl cDNA from the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Three Rdl variants were identified, arising from differential use of splice acceptor sites in the large intracellular loop between transmembrane regions 3 and 4. These variants were renamed from previously, as Amel_RDLvar1, Amel_RDLvar2 and Amel_RDLvar3. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, the three variants showed no difference in sensitivity to the agonist, GABA, with ECs of 29?M, 20?M and 29?M respectively. Also, the potencies of the antagonists, fipronil and imidacloprid, were similar on all three variants. Fipronil IC values were 0.18?M, 0.31?M and 0.20?M whereas 100?M imidacloprid reduced the GABA response by 17%, 24% and 31%. The possibility that differential splicing of the RDL intracellular loop may represent a species-specific mechanism leading to insensitivity to insecticides is discussed.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Plasma-induced graft-polymerization of polyethylene glycol acrylate on polypropylene films: chemical characterization and evaluation of the protein adsorption.
J Colloid Interface Sci2010 Jan;341(1):53-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.09.012.
Zanini Stefano, Riccardi Claudia, Grimoldi Elisa, Colombo Claudia, Villa Anna Maria, Natalello Antonino, Gatti-Lafranconi Pietro, Lotti Marina, Doglia Silvia Maria
Abstract
This work deals with the optimization of argon plasma-induced graft-polymerization of polyethylene glycol acrylate (PEGA) on polypropylene (PP) films in order to obtain surfaces with a reduced protein adsorption for possible biomedical applications. To this end, we examined the protein adsorption on the treated and untreated surfaces. The graft-polymerization process consisted of four steps: (a) plasma pre-activation of the PP substrates; (b) immersion in a PEGA solution; (c) argon plasma-induced graft-polymerization; (d) washing and drying of the samples. The efficiency of these processes was evaluated in terms of the amount of grafted polymer, coverage uniformity and substrates wettability. The process was monitored by contact angle measurements, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. The stability of the obtained thin films was evaluated in water and in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) at 37 degrees C. The adsorption of fibrinogen and green fluorescent protein (GFP)--taken as model proteins--on the differently prepared surfaces was evaluated through a fluorescence approach using laser scanning confocal microscopy with photon counting detection. After plasma treatments of short duration, the protein adsorption decreases by about 60-70% with respect to that of the untreated film, while long plasma exposure resulted in a higher protein adsorption, due to damaging of the grafted polymer.
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Platinum, palladium and rhodium release from vehicle exhaust catalysts and road dust exposed to simulated lung fluids.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf2008 Nov;71(3):722-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.11.011.
Colombo Claudia, Monhemius A John, Plant Jane A
Abstract
The risk associated with the inhalation of platinum group element (PGE) emissions from vehicle exhaust catalysts (VECs) has been investigated by extracting road dust and milled auto catalyst with simulated lung fluids. Gamble's solution (representative of the interstitial fluid of the deep lung) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) (representative of the more acidic environment within the lung) were employed as extraction fluids. The highest PGE release was observed in ALF, implying that inhaled particles would have to be phagocytized before significant amounts of PGEs dissolve. The greatest percentage (up to 88%) of PGEs was released from road dust, possibly due to the presence of mobile PGE species formed in the roadside environment. Pt showed the highest absolute bioavailability, due to its greater concentration in the environmental samples. Pd and Rh had higher percentage of release, however, because of their more soluble nature. From the toxicological perspective, the results demonstrate potential health risks due to the likely formation of PGE-chloride complexes in the respiratory tract, such species having well-known toxic and allergenic effects on human beings and living organisms.
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The estimation of the bioavailabilities of platinum, palladium and rhodium in vehicle exhaust catalysts and road dusts using a physiologically based extraction test.
Sci Total Environ2008 Jan;389(1):46-51.
Colombo Claudia, Monhemius A John, Plant Jane A
Abstract
Platinum group element (PGE) levels in the environment have increased following the introduction of vehicle exhaust catalysts (VECs). In order to evaluate the potential pathways of PGEs from VECs into humans, a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) was used to study the uptake of PGEs by the human digestive tract. The PBET assay was implemented in two phases, to first simulate the passage of ingested soil through the acid conditions of the stomach before it enters the near neutral conditions of the small intestine. The results showed that Pt, Pd and Rh did not undergo precipitation reaction when passing from the acid environment of the stomach to the neutral environment of the small intestine. The greatest fractions of bioavailable PGEs (up to 68%) were observed in road dust samples, possibly due to the presence of mobile PGE species formed in the roadside environment. Higher percentages of Pd and Rh were bioavailable than Pt, probably due to the differences in their mobilities and tendencies to form soluble complexes. Pt showed the highest absolute bioavailability however, due to its greater concentration in environmental samples. The solubilization of PGEs in the human digestive tract could involve the formation of PGE-chloride complexes, with perhaps increased health-hazard issues because of the known toxic and allergenic effects of these species.
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Photochemical reduction of oxygen adsorbed to nanocrystalline TiO(2) films: a transient absorption and oxygen scavenging study of different TiO(2) preparations.
J Phys Chem B2006 Nov;110(46):23255-63.
Peiró Ana M, Colombo Claudia, Doyle Gerry, Nelson Jenny, Mills Andrew, Durrant James R
Abstract
Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) has been used to study the interfacial electron-transfer reaction between photogenerated electrons in nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) films and molecular oxygen. TiO(2) films from three different starting materials (TiO(2) anatase colloidal paste and commercial anatase/rutile powders Degussa TiO(2) P25 and VP TiO(2) P90) have been investigated in the presence of ethanol as a hole scavenger. Separate investigations on the photocatalytic oxygen consumption by the films have also been performed with an oxygen membrane polarographic detector. Results show that a correlation exists between the electron dynamics of oxygen consumption observed by TAS and the rate of oxygen consumption through the photocatalytic process. The highest activity and the fastest oxygen reduction dynamics were observed with films fabricated from anatase TiO(2) colloidal paste. The use of TAS as a tool for the prediction of the photocatalytic activities of the materials is discussed. TAS studies indicate that the rate of reduction of molecular oxygen is limited by interfacial electron-transfer kinetics rather than by the electron trapping/detrapping dynamics within the TiO(2) particles.
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A practical approach to hyperglycemia management in the intensive care unit: evaluation of an intensive insulin infusion protocol.
Pharmacotherapy2006 Oct;26(10):1410-20.
Quinn Jennifer A, Snyder Stacy L, Berghoff Jennifer L, Colombo Claudia S, Jacobi Judith
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of maintaining a target blood glucose concentration of 91-130 mg/dl with a standardized, nurse-managed, intensive insulin infusion protocol outside a study setting, and to determine if a statistically significant favorable effect on morbidity and mortality was achieved.
DESIGN:
Retrospective, observational, chart review.
SETTING:
Medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) in a community teaching hospital.
PATIENTS:
One hundred forty-three adult patients who received insulin infusions managed at the discretion of the physician over a 1-year period before initiation of the protocol (control group), and 70 patients who received insulin infusions over a 6-month period with infusion dosages titrated by using the protocol (protocol group).
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Episodes of hypoglycemia, time within target range, mean blood glucose concentration, frequency of measurement, length of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and overall mortality were collected. Hypoglycemic episodes were not significantly different between the groups. Blood glucose concentrations were within target range in 34% of all measurements in the protocol group compared with 23% in the control group (p
CONCLUSION:
The nurse-managed insulin infusion protocol improved glycemic control with minimal hypoglycemic episodes compared with baseline practice. A trend toward decreased mortality, ICU length of stay, sand days of mechanical ventilation was observed. When compared with other published protocols, our insulin protocol displays comparable effectiveness with the use of less-frequent blood glucose measurements.
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